Consequences Of Climate Change On Food Systems - 1342 Words

The agricultural sector in the United States contributes largely to both rural and national social and economic development; however, it is greatly affected by climatic changes. As the world population is expected to increase up to approximately nine billion by 2050, climate change affects the stability of food production and poses food security challenges in the US (Hatfield et al. 2014). Smith et al. 2013, argued that negative impact of climate change on agriculture have a direct impact on global food security. This essay will address the consequences of climate change on food systems in the United States and possible mitigation measures and policies. National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition (NSAC) in the United States is one of the†¦show more content†¦There are very many impacts of climate change on agriculture and well-being of humanity. First of all, it has impacts on the biological effects of crop fields, per capita energy consumption and child malnutrition, and outcome of prices and production (Smith et al. 2013). Globalization of food systems increases the vulnerability of the world to food security and increased food prices. In 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization doubled the price index because of the weather conditions in food exporting nations like Australia, United States, and Russia (Hatfield et al. 2014) Secondly, different crops respond to climate differently as they depend on carbon dioxide, temperature, solar energy, and precipitation (Walthall et al. 2013). Each plant species do well at an optimum concentration of the above requirements. Therefore any alteration to these levels in the atmosphere will lead to a decline in crop yield or plants would adapt to the changes over time. Also, temperature and precipitation changes also lead to an increase in the number of dry days and hot nights (Hatfield et al. 2014). The increase in the number of dry days and hot nights has a devastating effect on crop and animal production. Furthermore, Walthall et al. 2013 confirmed that livestock production systems are susceptible to stress arising from temperature fluctuations. The ability of livestock to adjust their metabolic rates to meet the temperature changesShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment906 Words   |  4 PagesClimate is consistent behavior of temperature, precipitation, humidity, atmospheric pressure and other related environmental factors. Around the globe, temperature a re climbing, sea levels are rising, and season are changing, which means that climate change is transforming our Earth. Climate change indicates negative consequences on the impact to humanity and on the factors of the climate system. By climate change the most endangered is atmosphere, because it changes the composition of uncontrolledRead MoreA Brief Note On Livestock s Long Shadow : Environmental Issues And Options By The Livestock, Environment And Development Initiative867 Words   |  4 Pagesunderst anding and form a stronger conviction as to why environmental organisations, namely the UNFCCC, and more specifically the recent Paris agreement, have been constantly neglecting to shed a light on the livestock system which, apart from fossil fuel, is also a huge threat to drastic climate change; and, subsequently decipher if suggestive recommendations and reforms for policy and its implementation should be incorporated in the outcome of the UNFCCC as soon as possible. Several extensive reports haveRead MoreA Brief Note On Livestock s Long Shadow : Environmental Issues And Options By The Livestock, Environment And Development Initiative865 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding and form a stronger conviction as to why environmental organisations, namely the UNFCCC, and more specifically the recent Paris agreement, have been constantly neglecting to shed a light on the livestock system which, apart from fossil fuel, is also a huge threat to drastic climate change; and, subsequently decipher if suggestive recommendations and reforms for policy and its implementation should be incorporated in the outcome of the UNFCCC as soon as possible. Several extensive reports haveRead MoreCause And Effect Of Drought1499 Words   |  6 Pagescreeps up slowly as water sources become low and the next rain can not be reliably predicted neither its intensity. Droughts can happen in any type of climate anywhere in the world but some areas are more prone to drought because they do not have adequate water sources and have seen population explosions that have a greater demand for water than the climate can support. Droughts can be classified as short term or long term. Short-term droughts usually impact the expected amount of water but althoughRead MoreA Brief Look at Climate Change1461 Words   |  6 PagesThere is no doubt that climate change is happening around the world. Climate change is occurring everywhere, but not everyone can see it. Some people fail to realize that climate change is happening because they aren’t aware of what it is. According to the Oxford Dictionary, it is â€Å"the change in global climate patterns are attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.† Carbon dioxide is accumulating in the air, which captures the sun’s heat. In return, the earth isRead MoreWhat Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming?1513 Words   |  7 Pages What Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming? One can not disagree with the fact that the Earth s climate is changing and it has genuinely become a global problem for mankind. It goes without saying that the fact of the global climate change is confirmed by scientific observations and is not disputed by most scholars. And yet, apparently, there are ongoing discussions around this topic. Some use the term global warming and make apocalyptic predictions, while others predict the onsetRead MoreClimate Change Is An Undeniable And Unavoidable Reality1661 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Climate change will force millions of people to flee their homes over the coming century† (Docherty Giannini et al. 2010). Global climate change has become an undeniable and unavoidable reality. In its latest assessment report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the international body that provides the most comprehensive reports dealing with the science of climate change, has established that warming of the climate system is ‘unequivocal’. Additionally, it concludes thatRead MoreClimate Changes And Agriculture On Our Environment1747 Words   |  7 PagesDec. 2015 Climate Changes and Agriculture Over the last thousands of years, many factors have contributed to the significant changes that have and continue to take place within our atmosphere. Climate change has become universally recognized, based on scientific results backed by historically observed data, and also acknowledged by public perception in the last decades (Valverde et al 2015). While global warming is a highly debatable topic for the masses, the current climate changes occurring thatRead MoreFirst Nations And Inuit People Often Eat A Diet That Consists1734 Words   |  7 Pagesa diet that consists of â€Å"country foods†, which are traditional foods including: arctic char, seal meat, whale, and caribou (http://icor.ottawainuitchildrens.com/node/19). Today country foods are still a vital food source of nutrition in northern communities, and can provide a cultural connection to people in those communities as well as those who have migrated to urban areas (http://icor.ottawainuitchildrens.com/node/19). Wh ile country foods have been viable food sources traditionally, there is increasingRead MoreThe Consequences And Extinction Of Animals By Climate Change Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Consequences and the Extinction of Animals By Climate Change â€Å"The warnings about global warming have been extremely clear for a long time. We are facing a global climate crisis. It is deepening. We are entering a period of consequences† (Al Gore). Global warming is a nationwide problem that is affecting people and the environment by the greenhouse gases. Global warming increases the atmospheric temperature. For instance, the solar radiation is reflected by the Earth’s atmosphere. Earth s surface

The Atlanta Compromise Speech Historical Context

The Atlanta Compromise Speech Historical Context: Booker T. Washington was born a slave in 1856 and was nine years old when slavery ended. He became the principal of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, a school designed to teach blacks industrial skills. Washington was a skillful politician and speaker, and he won the support of whites in the North and South who donated money to the school. On September 18, 1895 Booker T. Washington gave an address to the Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition which became known as the â€Å"Atlanta Compromise Speech.† The address appears below. Text Vocabulary Notes Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Board of Directors, and Citizens: One-third of the population of the South is of Negro race. No†¦show more content†¦To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land, or who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the Southern white man who is their next door neighbor, I would say, cast down your bucket where you are, cast it down in making friends, in every manly way, of the people of all races by whom you are surrounded. Cast it down in agriculture, in mechanics, in commerce, in domestic service, and in the professions. And in this connection it is well to bear in mind that, whatever other sins the South may be called upon to bear, when it comes to business pure and simple it is in the South that the Negro is given a man’s chance in the commercial world; and in nothing is this Exposition more eloquent than n emphasizing this chance. Our greatest danger is, that, in the great leap from slavery to freedom, we may overlook the fact that the masse s of us are to live by the productions of our hands, and fail to keep in mind that we shall prosper in proportion as we learn to draw the line between superficial and the substantial, the ornamental gewgaws of life and the useful. No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. It is at the bottomShow MoreRelatedThe Appropriateness of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois Strategies for Dealing with Problems Faced by African Americans2275 Words   |  10 Pagesoffered different strategies for dealing with the problems of poverty and discrimination faced by Black Americans at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries. Assess the appropriateness of each of these strategies in the historical context in which each was developed. After the period where big businesses operated the country to benefit themselves, the middle class activists began to rise against these unjust actions. The new era was known to be the Progressive Era. Not onlyRead MoreThe Great Debate : The Two Visions Of Advancement For African Americans During The Progressive Era3444 Words   |  14 Pagesboth advocated a different plan to uplift the African-American race as a whole. The two players in this debate were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois. The first player in the debate, Washington gained national fame with his famous speech, the Atlanta Compromise that he delivered at the Cotton States and International exposition. Washington was a conservative activist who felt that the subordination to white leaders was a crucial for African-Americans in obtaining success as a race and gainingRead MoreThe American Civil War : The United States8725 Words   |  35 Pagesadministration would not initiate civil war. Eight remaining slave sta tes continued to reject calls for secession. Confederate forces seized numerous federal forts within territory claimed by the Confederacy. A peace conference failed to find a compromise, and both sides prepared for war. The Confederates assumed that European countries were so dependent on King Cotton that they would intervene; none did and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861Read MoreBible Versus the Toran12356 Words   |  50 Pageswandering begins. 5. DEUTERONOMY - Moses discovers on Gods Act for Israel the decalogue, the ceremonial, civil, and several laws, and covenant ratification. (3) The prophets are: 1. Moses 2. Abraham 3. Issaic 4. Jacob 5. Joseph B. HISTORICAL - 12 BOOKS 1. JOSHUA - First half of Joshua describes the 7-year conquest of the land promise, the last half deals with partitioning the lands to the people. 2. JUDGES - Time of Judges. This was a bad time period. The Israelites did not driveRead MoreAlice Malsenior6001 Words   |  25 PagesAlice Walker: Peeling an Essence As an African- American novelist, short–story writer, essayist, poet, critic, and editor, Alice Walker’s plethora of literary works examines many aspects of African American life as well as historical issues that are further developed by Walker’s unique point of view. Writers like Alice Walker make it possible to bring words and emotions to voices and events that are often silenced. Far from the traditional image of the artist, she has sought what amounts to aRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesnon-Rastafarians tend to be puzzled by the movement. And yet there is little question that it has come to deï ¬ ne Jamaican culture in ways that few people can understand. The value of examining the history of Rastafarianism and placing it in the larger context of social, political, and religious resistance to colonial hegemony cannot be underestimated. What we discover in this book is that there is nothing absurd or farfetched or insane about Rastafarianism. Its formation is part of the genius of anRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesthe readers attention with a compelling opening paragraph can be a key differentiator, Beginning with a personal statement on leadership and a brief description of the management challenge Stacie faced stimulates the readers curiosity about the context and resolu... tion. Throughout the rest of the essay, Stacie reinforces the outcomes of her actions with strong logic. Despite her initial failure, she establishes herself as an effective leader who takes time to analyze the situation, reflects onRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagescontingency frameworks, performance measurement systems, and strategic cost management, which are considered from the perspective of changing concerns facing modern organizations and present-day management thought as well as in the light of some of their historical di mensions. Other chapters deal with newly emerging concerns in management accounting, including network relations, digitization, integrated cost management systems, knowledge management pursuits, and environmental management accounting. Each chapterRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesissues. McAuley et al. helps student and managers understand organizational performance without having to go through extensive reading. It deepens their understanding of issues with which they are confronted in practice, by putting them into a larger context. This book really helps students and managers to become wiser. Professor Renà © Tissen, Nyenrode Business University, The Netherlands This book will appeal to the student who seeks a thorough and critical understanding of organization theory. It isRead MoreAlternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism21967 Words   |  88 Pageslies â€Å"mediation,† a process by which a third party aids the disputants to reach a mutually agreed solution. This article introduces the key concepts, principles and skills of ADR in a generic form with examples of how they might be applied in the context of water conflicts. The glossary contains definitions of terms used, and readers are advised to familiarize themselves with them. Conflicts have existed in all cultures, religions, and societies since time immemorial, as long as humans have walked

Interviews Indian Institutes of Management and Personal Interview Free Essays

Personality Assessment Round Process Details (2013-2015 batch) By now, you must be quite familiar with the different processes that various B-schools use in the second round of their selection program. Let us now look at some individual institutes to get a better grasp of the mechanism they use in order to select the best candidates. Please note that institutes do keep tinkering with their selection processes from time-to-time. We will write a custom essay sample on Interviews: Indian Institutes of Management and Personal Interview or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, this list can only help you to understand all the stages that an institute has used for selection in recent years with specific focus on last year’s method. However, please remember that it is quite likely that in subsequent years, an institute may use radically different processes as well. IIM Ahmedabad: Process: PGPM: Essay Writing Task + Personal Interview ABM: Group Discussion + Personal Interview Essay Writing: The candidates were given 1 minute to think and 10 minutes to write on the topic. Most of the topics were either general in nature or related to current affairs. Some of the topics given to the candidates were – â€Å"CAG is slowing down progress in India’s telecom and mining sector†, â€Å"Obsession with constant research by smartphone companies has had a serious effect on our social life.†, â€Å"It is advisable to raise the legal drinking age limit to 25 years for responsible drinking. † Group Discussion: Usually, the Group Discussions involved case studies. Candidates were typically given a few minutes to read the case study and prepare their points. At the end of the discussion, candidates had to write a summary of the discussion. Personal Interview: Personal interviews were conducted after completion of the essay writing task / Group Discussion and, generally, lasted for about 15-20 minutes. In this round, candidates were interviewed by panels of two members each. Those with prior work experience were asked detailed questions pertaining to their experience and their company’s business, its market share, growth prospects, industry prospects, turnover, etc. Some candidates were also asked indepth questions pertaining to their job profile and how their previous educational qualifications were being utilized in their current job profile. Candidates with no work experience were generally asked questions relevant to their academic background while a few candidates with prior work experience were also asked questions related to subjects from their academic background. Interestingly, almost all the candidates were asked a few questions from Mathematics as well. The questions related to Mathematics were primarily from areas like probability, distribution curves, statistics, etc. The candidates were also questioned about their hobbies and were expected to have an in-depth knowledge about them. Some candidates were also asked questions about the essay written by them. Specifically for ABM, candidates were asked questions regarding agriculture and why they wanted to join the ABM program. IIM Bangalore: Process: Essay Writing Task + Personal Interview Essay Writing: The candidates were given 10 minutes to think about the given topic and 20 minutes to write on the topic. Most of the topics were related to current affairs. The candidates were required to do a thorough analysis of the topic and in some cases, from a particular point of view. Some of the topics given to the candidates were – â€Å"Is crime rate in urban India high mainly due to economic disparities? †, â€Å"The world is in social, economic and political turmoil. Any suggestions to improve. †, â€Å"Recently a law has been passed to ban A-rated films on television. Why do you think this decision has been taken? † Personal Interview: Each interview panel comprised three members – two professors and one alumnus of the institute. The interviews were mostly very general in nature. Candidates were asked questions pertaining to various aspects of their CV and SOP (Statement of Purpose) and the panel was typically quite pleasant and friendly. The interviews usually started with the panelists asking the candidates to talk about themselves. Some of the candidates were asked about current developments involving their company or industry. Some of them were also asked analytical questions on issues surrounding their industry / area of work. Typically, most of the candidates were asked a few questions regarding what they had written in their SOPs. IIM Calcutta: Process: Essay Writing Task + Personal Interview Essay Writing: Candidates were allotted 15 minutes to write on the topic. The word limit for the essay was 200 words. The topics given were general in nature and typically required analysis of an issue. Some of the topics given to the candidates were – â€Å"Corruption in sports committees and government interference are degrading the quality of sports in India. Elaborate and provide remedies.†, â€Å"The television media focuses more on violence, disaster and negative news. Why is it so? †, â€Å"What are your views on FDI in retail? † Personal Interview: Mostly, panels which interviewed the candidates had three members. The interviews were largely general in nature. Most of the candidates were asked questions pertaining to various aspects of their CV. Some of them were asked in-depth questions about their subjects or areas of interest. Several candidates were asked detailed questions about their prior work-experience and their reasons for choosing to pursue an MBA. IIM Lucknow: Process: Essay Writing Task + Group Discussion + Personal Interview Essay Writing: Candidates were allotted 15 minutes to write on the assigned topic. The word limit for the essay was 200 words. The topics given were philosophical / abstract. Some of the topics given to candidates were – â€Å"Fame and riches are fleeting, stupidity is eternal†, â€Å"A great city should not be confused with a populous one†, â€Å"Engine is the heart of an airplane and the pilot is its soul†. Group Discussion: The Group Discussion was held immediately after the essay writing. The topic was the same as the Essay writing task. Each group comprised 10-12 candidates. The groups were given 15 minutes to discuss the topic. Personal Interview: Panels comprising two members interviewed candidates. The interviews were very general in nature and often focused primarily on the candidate’s goals and aims, as well as past experiences. Detailed questions related to area of work / job profile were common as were questions related to one’s subjects of study while pursuing graduation. Many candidates were asked about their decision to pursue MBA and the candidates who had applied for ABM were asked about their reasons for opting for ABM. Candidates were also asked questions pertaining to various aspects of their CV. While most of the interviews lasted for about 20-25 minutes, some candidates reported very brief interviews of just about 8-10 minutes. IIM Indore: Process: Essay Writing Task + Personal Interview Essay Writing: Candidates were allotted 30 minutes to write on the given topic. The word limit for the essay was 300 words. The topics given were very general and analytical in nature. Some of the topics given to the candidates were – â€Å"Today’s popular TV serials depict a life different from normal life. Is it a form of escapism or just for entertainment? †, â€Å"How does migration of people into other countries affect nationalism and patriotism? †, â€Å"With so many mergers and acquisitions by big business houses in India, is there any future for small scale enterprises in the country? Suggest ways to help out small scale enterprises. †, â€Å"Despite advances in medical science, progress is slow. Should research knowledge be shared with other scientists or should it be a closely guarded secret? † Personal Interview: The candidates were interviewed by a panel of three members. The interviews often focused primarily on a candidate’s academic background. Detailed questions related to the candidate’s subjects of study while pursuing graduation were asked to almost all candidates, even those who had more than two years of prior work experience. Candidates with work experience were generally asked detailed questions about their job profile. Some candidates were queried on their decision to quit their job and pursue an MBA. Quite a few candidates were also asked questions about their hobbies and extracurricular activities while some were also asked questions about  current affairs, specifically questions related to the budget. Interviews typically lasted for about 25 to 35 minutes. IIM Kozhikode: Process: Essay Writing Task + Personal Interview Essay Writing: Candidates were allotted 45 minutes to write on the given topic. The word limit for the essay was 500 words. The topics given were philosophical. Some of the topics were – â€Å"I don’t know the key to success, but the key to failure is trying to please everyone†, â€Å"Forgive your enemies but don’t forget their names†, â€Å"Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence†. Personal Interview: Panels comprising two members interviewed the candidates. The interviews did not have a set pattern; rather, they were more panel-dependent. While some candidates reported that their interviews were very general in nature and focused on their goals and aims, others reported that their interviews comprised only current affairs questions. Some candidates even reported that they were asked questions pertaining to their academic background only. Interviews generally were 20-30 minutes long. IIM Shillong: Process: Group Discussion (Case study + Essay) + Personal Interview Group Discussion: Each group comprised 8-10 students. They were given a topic and the candidates were allotted 10 minutes to read the topic and write on it. This topic was then discussed by the group for 15 minutes. The topics given were small cases which described certain scenarios. The candidates had to present their perspectives on the given case. The cases were quite general in nature. Some of the cases given to the candidates were – â€Å"A diamond necklace has been stolen fromjewellery store. There is no evidence. The security in-charge decides to pin the blame on the person who last handled the necklace. It was also pointed out that the accused had provided some fake data in his joining application form. Decide whether he can be expelled on that basis, with the charge of theft. †, â€Å"An automobile company had done whatever they could to ramp up the production like overtime, compensation increment etc. There was an employee aged around 30 who died on the floor of the factory. He had been doing overtime to get extra compensation for his family needs. Now the production manager wanted to increase the production owing to the impending festival season. But the employees disagreed on grounds of the death, and demanded 200% increment in overtime compensation. What should the production manager do? † Personal Interview: A panel, typically comprising three members, interviewed candidates. The panelists were reported to be very pleasant. The interviews generally focused on current affairs and the candidate’s academic background. Questions on current affairs were asked in order to get the candidate’s opinions on various issues and these opinions were then thoroughly discussed. At times, these questions were also based on the interest areas mentioned by candidates in their resume. A few candidates with prior work experience were also questioned in detail about the nature and technical aspect of their work. Some candidates were also asked ethical questions, like â€Å"What is the difference between right and wrong? †, â€Å"Is it right for the pharma companies to give gifts to medical practitioners? †, etc. Interviews typically lasted for about 20 to 30 minutes. New IIMs Joint Process: Process: Essay Writing Task + Personal Interview Essay Writing: For this task, candidates were allotted 20 minutes to write on the given topic and the word limit was 300 words. The topics given were very general in nature, like – â€Å"MBA, B. Tech are gearing up with the market. Are the courses like Literature, Sociology, etc. irrelevant in education today? Give your opinion†, â€Å"What if a business chooses to focus on the bottom of the pyramid? Is innovation really necessary for the growth of a business? †, â€Å"Social networking strengthens relationships but also makes youngsters lonely. † Personal Interview: Interviews were conducted after completion of the essay writing task. Candidates were interviewed by a panel of two members. The interviews were largely pleasant and stress-free. Different candidates were asked different kinds of questions; there was no set pattern to the interviews. While some of the candidates with prior work experience were asked detailed questions pertaining to their experience, including details about their company; other candidates were primarily asked questions pertaining to their goals and ambitions. Questions such as how do subjects from your graduation help you in your job, etc. were also asked. Some candidates were also asked questions related to their academic background, their hobbies and even the effects of the most recent budget. FMS, Delhi: Process: Group Discussion + Extempore + Personal Interview Group Discussion: Group discussions typically lasted for about 14 minutes. Each group was given one minute to think before the discussion began and one minute to conclude the discussion. Every group comprised 10 to 15 candidates. The topics given to the candidates for discussion were general in nature. Some of them were – â€Å"Formal education stems the free spirit. †, â€Å"Should sting operations be carried out? †, â€Å"Morals and values are on the decline in India†. Extempore: The extempore was typically conducted at the start of the personal interview. Candidates were given their topic and 1 minute to speak on it. No preparation time was given. A stopwatch was kept on a table in front of the candidate so that he / she could keep a tab on the time. Topics allotted to the candidates were general in nature and many of them were given topics that were somewhat related to their work. For e.g. , a candidate, who had worked in the Oil and Gas sector, was given the topic â€Å"Energy sector in India†. Another candidate, who had work experience in the field of Data Analytics and had qualified for the Maths Olympiad, was asked to speak about â€Å"Infinity†. Personal Interview:Typically, interviews were quite brief and continued for about 5 minutes. Most of them were conducted by a panel of three interviewers. The interviews were quite general in nature. Questions primarily dealt with current affairs and / or hobbies and interest areas mentioned by candidates in their forms. A few candidates reported that they were also queried about their ambitions and future plans. MDI, Gurgaon: Process: Group Discussion + Personal Interview Group Discussion: Typically, around 12 to 15 candidates participated in each group discussion and they were given around 15 minutes for the discussion. Additionally, 3 minutes were given to the group to think about the topic. At the end of every discussion, each candidate was asked to summarize what all had been discussed. Further, all the candidates were asked if they wanted to say something more on the topic. In some groups, candidates were also asked to write down a conclusion of the discussion at the end. Topics for the discussion were very general in nature, like – â€Å"Certainty of justice is more important than severity of punishment. †, â€Å"Does Reservation in Higher Education hamper the real purpose of Education? †, â€Å"Should religious teachings be taught in our schools to inculcate better values in students? † Personal Interview: Generally, a panel consisting of two members interviewed the candidates while a few candidates reported that there was only one interviewer in their case. The average interview lasted for around 10 minutes. However, there were some students who reported that their interview went on for 30 minutes and some others said that theirs lasted hardly 5 minutes. The interviews were quite pleasant and were very general in nature. Candidates were typically queried about their opinions on various issues of current affairs. In many cases, candidates were also queried on the topic that was given to them for their group discussion. Candidates with work experience were also asked questions related to their job profile and the industry they were in. How to cite Interviews: Indian Institutes of Management and Personal Interview, Essays

Database Design and Entity Relationship Model

Queston: Describe the database design, entity relationship model,and database implementatiin? Answer: Database design methods According to the requirements of the database, the first step for designing a database is to create the structure of the database with the help of various tables of the database. The second step is to create the database is the designing of the table and entity relationship model. The third step for designing the database is to determine the primary keys as well as the foreign keys from different tables. The third step for creating a database is the normalization; the normalization of the table can be broadly categorized into five kinds such as, first normalization form or 1NF, second normalization form or 2NF, third normal form or 3NF, fourth normal form, fifth normal form and the Boyce-codd normal form. The entity relationship model can be referred to as such kind of data model which describes the relationship between different tables and attributes of the table. The relationship model is basically used for designing the relational database. From the model of entity relationship va rious relationships between the several data can be found whether it is one to one relationship or one to many relationships model. The normalization process of database design can be defined as such kind of process which is used to organize the attributes of the tables of the relational database to reduce the redundancy. Database design 1) Entity relationship model The entity relationship model showcases the relationship between four tables such as management table, member table, accessories table and player table. The management table consists of four entities such as admin_Id, Admin_name, admin_contact no and the admin_address. The membership detail consists of four entities such as Mem_Id, Mem_name, Mem_address and Email_id. The accessories table consists of three entities such as no of balls, no of rackets and the number of footballs. The player table consists of four entities such as player_id, player_name, player_contact number and email_id. The management table has 1 to n relationship with membership detail, player table and the accessories table. The membership details table has a relationship with the player table. The player table also has a relationship with the accessories table. 2) 3NF form of the structure The above relationship diagram showcases the third normalization form of the relational database. The third normalize form is constructed between the two tables such as membership details and the player. The player table consists of four entities such as player_id, player_name, player_contact no and the email_id and the membership details consist of 4 four entities. The member id is associated with the player id and the member name is associated with the player name and the membership email id is associated with the player email id. Database implementation 1) 2) To create a table in MS access 2007 first, you should click on create blank database which will show the new blank database. The developer should enter the table name such as membership details, player details, management details and accessories details. After that the developer should double click on add new fields where in table design view the developer should enter the various column name of that table. After filling up all the tables with different entities the developer should click on save button to save the tables. After filling up all the details of the table the designer should click on the database tools to click the relationship to create entity relationship of the database model. The entity relationship showcases the different types of relationship like 1 to n or 1 to 1 relationship between different tables and its entities. The management table has many relationships with the membership table, player table and the accessories table. The third normalization form of the d atabase has also been described in this design. The 3NF normalization has been created between the two tables such as the membership details table and the player table. 3) The overall design report have been described in the above screenshot which denotes the four different tables such as the membership details, player table, management table and the accessories table. The four tables have different types of entities which also related with the entities of the other tables. References Bain, M. and Whitehead, A. (2007).SugarCRM developer's manual. Birmingham, U.K.: Packt Pub. Haley, M. (2005).The Concordance database manual. Norwood Mass.: Books24x7.com. Harrington, J. (2002).Relational database design clearly explained. New York: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. Hernandez, M. (1997).Database design for mere mortals. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Developers Press. Lightstone, S., Teorey, T. and Nadeau, T. (2007).Physical database design. Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann/Elsevier. Ling, T., Lee, M. and Dobbie, G. (2005).Semistructured database design. New York: Springer. McHugh, P. (1989).Alaska IPASS database preparation manual. Portland, Or. (319 S.W. Pine St., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Penney, A. (1997).Climate database (CLIDB) user's manual. Wellington, N.Z.: NIWA. Roman, S. (1999).Access database design programming. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly. Stephens, R. (2009).Beginning database design solutions. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub. Stephens, R. and Plew, R. (2001).Database design. Indianapolis, Ind.: Sams. Teorey, T., Lightstone, S. and Nadeau, T. (2005).Database modeling design. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Merchant Of Venice Essays (614 words) - Shylock,

Merchant of Venice Merchant of Venice The secular and religious views of both, Antonio and Shylock, were portrayed very bluntly. The religious opinions of both characters were that their religion was superior to infidels and also very stereotypical. In the business world, Antonio owned ships with valuable goods and was extremely generous. He always relied on their return to shore and expressed his faith in this book. On the other hand, Shylock was a greedy man and used the Bible for sources of interest to collect more money. Relating to religious views Antonio and Shylock were very parallel, but in means of business the two were reverses. "I[Shylock] hate [Antonio] for he is a Christian. . . [Antonio] hates our sacred nation." This phrase said by Shylock, a Jew, is based on the beliefs of other Jews upon other Christians. Shylock is being very stereotypical because Shylock doesn't really know Antonio, Shylock heard of Jew-hating Christians, so he thinks that all Christians hate Jews. Antonio happens to be a great man and Shylock didn't even give him a chance, he just hates Antonio for being of different religion. "The Hebrew[Shylock] will turn Christian; he grows kind." Antonio says this, thinking that no Jews are kind, emphasizing naiveness. Then Antonio sees the Hebrew, Shylock, becomes amiable, so he believes that's impossible. So Antonio interprets the scenario as Shylock being Christianized, because he is becoming generous. This quotation shows how Antonio thinks that his religion, Christianity, is superior to Judaism. The previous quotation illustrated how Shylock was stereotypical about Christians. Both characters have similar beliefs about other religions. "Why, fear not, man, I will not for felt it! Within these three months- that's a month before this bond expires-I do expect, return of thrice three times the value of this bond." This phrase was said by Antonio assuring Shylock that his ship with all his goods will return with the interest that Antonio owes Shylock for borrowing money. This shows Antonio's trust in his ship even though there were strong winds and high chances that his ship will be overturned. Antonio is very naive about the real world of business and no matter what happens he thinks he will be successful. On the other hand, Shylock is a wise business man, but very greedy. These characteristics are displayed in the following quotation: "Mark what Jacob did . . . and in the doing of the deed of kind [Laban] struck them up before the fulsome ewes, who then conceiving did in eaning time fullparti-colored lambs, and those were Jacob's. This was a way to thrive, and he was blest; and thrift is blessing if men steal it not." When Shylock gave Antonio a loan, he charged him interest justified by the story in the Bible mentioned before. Shylock compares Antonio to Laban, both being kind, therefore both must be givers of interest. My view is that Shylock puts himself on the level of Jacob, a righteous man, showing his egotistical character. His greedy personality is expressed when Shylock finds sources of interest in a farfetched manner. In truth, this passage is an act of kindness, stressing Shylock's characteristic of being narrow minded. Antonio and Shylock are very similar people as well as opposites. Both, as proven in the story, are against the infidels to their religion and believe that their religion is the superior one. In terms of business, Antonio is generous, being willing to give thrice the loan, and Shylock is greedy, by asking for three times the loan. Antonio agrees to the deal, being very naive that his ship will return safely, and Shylock is very clever, but sneaky, in terms of this deal. While Antonio's perspectives on the secular and religious world are very naive, Shylock makes judgements based on first impressions. Antonio and Shylock showing their good qualities, suggest that men may look perfect, but deep inside, they acquire negative characteristics.

s Nest

Men and women are stereotyped everyday on how they should act and behave. What should be the difference in the book One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest? Well one could say that the roles have been reversed to a certain point. The mental hospital is a little world inside that is a made to scale prototype of the big world outside (McMahan). Patients are entered under the nurse’s power and will be released when they can contribute to society again. In the book as one can guess, some stereotypes are backwards. Nurse Ratched is one woman in the story that doesn’t play to the role of a nurse. The big nurse’s name, Ratched, suggests â€Å"ratchet† (a mechanism consisting of a notched wheel, the teeth of which engage with a pawl, permitting motion of the wheel in one direction only)(Macmillan). Her name makes her out to be an unchangeable character. Nurse Ratched is more made out to be a machine then a real person, unlike the other nurses, who seem to be kind, caring, and compassionate. Totally opposite of Nurse Ratched is the prostitutes. These women are fun free spirits that enjoy spending time with the patients and doesn’t try to humiliate or ware down the men to feel nothing. These are the two main types of women in the story and how they act towards the patients. Kesey takes the worst male stereotype availablethat of over-weening power, control, force, manipulation and imposes it on the nurse in the book, and the worst female stereotype pettiness, bitchiness, lack of self-confidence, anxiousness to serveand imposes it on most of the male patients (McMahan). Women are stereotyped in the novel just not as one would think. The novel may give women a more masculine view, but I would not go, as far as to say it is a sexiest view. If the novel was charged with being sexiest it would have to be against the men for making them look like sissies. The woman stereotype is getting old anyway. Women of this time are taking more of a ma... 's Nest Free Essays on One Flew Over The Cuckoo\'s Nest Men and women are stereotyped everyday on how they should act and behave. What should be the difference in the book One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest? Well one could say that the roles have been reversed to a certain point. The mental hospital is a little world inside that is a made to scale prototype of the big world outside (McMahan). Patients are entered under the nurse’s power and will be released when they can contribute to society again. In the book as one can guess, some stereotypes are backwards. Nurse Ratched is one woman in the story that doesn’t play to the role of a nurse. The big nurse’s name, Ratched, suggests â€Å"ratchet† (a mechanism consisting of a notched wheel, the teeth of which engage with a pawl, permitting motion of the wheel in one direction only)(Macmillan). Her name makes her out to be an unchangeable character. Nurse Ratched is more made out to be a machine then a real person, unlike the other nurses, who seem to be kind, caring, and compassionate. Totally opposite of Nurse Ratched is the prostitutes. These women are fun free spirits that enjoy spending time with the patients and doesn’t try to humiliate or ware down the men to feel nothing. These are the two main types of women in the story and how they act towards the patients. Kesey takes the worst male stereotype availablethat of over-weening power, control, force, manipulation and imposes it on the nurse in the book, and the worst female stereotype pettiness, bitchiness, lack of self-confidence, anxiousness to serveand imposes it on most of the male patients (McMahan). Women are stereotyped in the novel just not as one would think. The novel may give women a more masculine view, but I would not go, as far as to say it is a sexiest view. If the novel was charged with being sexiest it would have to be against the men for making them look like sissies. The woman stereotype is getting old anyway. Women of this time are taking more of a ma...

Premium-price Milk in the Company Coca-Cola Essay - 5

Premium-price Milk in the Company Coca-Cola - Essay Example In the dairy case, the milk is also free of lactose, and it will be sold while cold. The production line aims at offering the milk in various versions such as whole milk, fat-free, chocolate, and reduced fat versions. The decision of producing this product came up when the Coca-Cola Company realized that the sales of carbonated drinks continued to decline in the United States. The first issue it aimed to address is the decline in sales of its original product. Another issue is aimed at addressing is the fact that it is produced at a time when most of the consumers are obsessed with all products protein. According to research by NPD Group research firm, approximately 71% of the consumers say that they want more of the proteins in their diet. 3) Analyze some of the key (macro and/or micro) ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS that resulted in Coca-Cola launching this new product. Note: for this, you will need to read the chapter that deals with the marketing environment. Steve Jones, who is the CEO of Fairlife, made a strong argument when he insisted that though Coca-Cola plays the part of distributing the milk, it does not take any role in the actual production of the milk and that it has nothing to be involved with what occurs on the dairy farms. He adds that people who have been referring to it as Coke Milk should not since it is actually not. The sole job of Coke, according to him, is the distribution of the milk and making sure that the milk is on the shelf. The market analysis and condition for the Coca-Cola’s Fairlife product seem to be somehow favoring while to some extent it is not so much on their side. The opportunity for the company after coming up with this product is that they have very limited competition since this is an uncharted sector. Again, having a good brand name globally, Coke expects to sell its milk product all over the world that  will, in turn, favor the growth.

Select one of the locations of the assigned multinational corporation( Essay

Select one of the locations of the assigned multinational corporation( NOKIA) and discuss it in terms of the form of its interna - Essay Example The main aim of the company is to maintain the position in the world in spite of huge competition from both Google as well as Microsoft. They have a strong brand with which they may have great future plans. The company is offering excellent service and comprehensible software to the billions of customers along with operators in the world (Nokia, n.d.). The new strategies have been developed by the company which are related to the transformation of operational structure along with leadership in order to facilitate the company to accelerate in competitive environment. Their main strategies include developing a new wining ecosystem of mobile they have intended to make a strategic partnership along with Microsoft. They have developed the strategy to make investment in the disruptive technologies of subsequent generations. To make a good focus on result, accountability as well as speed, they build an effective organisational structure along with efficient leadership team (Nokia Connecting People, 2011). The company is concerned with developing, manufacturing as well as designing of communication devices. They offer internet service in order to facilitate various facilities such as video, music, and games to the users. The company operates in three reportable segments which include ‘Devices and Services’, ‘Nokia Siemens Networks’ and ‘NAVTEQ’. Devices and Services consist of Multimedia, Enterprise Solutions and Mobile Phones. Under NAVTEQ, it provides services and digital maps related information along with location based content (Docstoc, 2010). In 1985, Nokia first started its operation in Australia with a view to build the telecommunication network of the country. Nokia Mobile phones were first used by Australian customers in the year 1993. In 2000, Nokia Internet Communications began its operations with the purpose of providing products for internet security along with solutions for ventures. In Australia, the company has ga ined wonderful success with its developed brand and became the market leader with its mobile technology, network infrastructure as well as services and products of the enterprise. The company also achieved ‘National Best Employer’ of â€Å"Best Employer to Work for in Australia Awards† in 2002. The new technologies with its Future Lab facility are also developed in Sydney. The Future Lab is a mutual project between Nokia and Optus which has been designed in order to develop mobile technologies, applications and services and then delivery to the market. Besides these Nokia Australia participates enthusiastically in the community with a view of supporting numerous charities. They are also involved in participating in Land Care; as well as Coast Care initiatives in Australia (Nokia Connecting People, 2011). In Australia, Nokia Australia Pty Limited is recognised as a ‘foreign owned private company’. It is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Nokia Corporati ons. It’s headquarter is located in Pyrmont in New South Wales. Nokia Australia Pty Limited offers various products as well as services. The mobile devices which include phones along with accessories are sold and marketed to both domestic as well as

Nitrous Oxide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nitrous Oxide - Essay Example Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an atmospheric trace gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect. It is also involved in the catalytic destruction of ozone in the stratosphere and is increasing in concentration by about 0.25% per year. The increase is believed to result from fertilizer use, emissions from internal combustion engines, biomass burning, and industrial processes (Khalil 1995). It is naturally produced by nitrification and denitrification in soils and in the oceans, and is destroyed in the stratosphere via photolysis (90%) and reaction with excited atomic oxygen [O(1D)] (10%). Its atmospheric lifetime is between 100 and 150 years. Although the major sources and sinks of N2O are known, they are poorly quantified and inadequately balanced, both in terms of mass exchange and in their N and O isotopic composition. Stable isotopes have been used in the past to constrain sources and sinks of other atmospheric trace gases but have yet to be successfully applied to N2O. The isotopic approach to a global N2O budget is hindered by the wide range of observed isotopic values for each of the major natural sources, making it difficult to assign a unique value to each of the source terms. Soil flux samples have been shown to be variable but consistently depleted in both 15N and 18O relative to atmospheric N2O. Oceanic samples have exhibited a trend similar to typical nutrient profiles, with slightly depleted surface waters becoming progressively enriched along the nutricline and stabilizing with depth. Early analytical methods employed infrared absorption techniques (Wahlen 1985) or required decomposition of N2O with subsequent analyses of N2 and CO2. The use of direct injection techniques was introduced in 1993 when Kim and Craig reported heavy enrichment in both the N and O isotopes in two samples of stratospheric air. They proposed that a stratosphere to troposphere return flux of heavy N2O could balance the observed isotopically light source terms, although a simple mass-balance model showed that this led to a considerable overcorrection. Direct injection of N2O was subsequently shown to result in erroneous enrichment of 15N and Delta18O when contaminated by trace amounts of CO2. We present results for 15N and 18O of N2O obtained from samples collected in the lower stratosphere. Five samples were collected at midnorthern latitudes on board NASA's WB-57 aircraft, and two samples were collected at high northern latitude during the 1988 Juelich balloon campaign. We also measured, for comparison, the isotopic composition of tropospheric N2O sampled in La Jolla, California, under clean air conditions. Nitrous oxide mixing ratios decreased with height above the tropopause, whereas the heavy-isotope composition of the remnant N2O was found to be increasingly enriched. If the process responsible for this enrichment is an irreversible sink and if the fractionation factor remains constant, the data should obey what is known as a Rayleigh distillation, in which the resulting isotopic enrichment is related to the fraction remaining by the equation (1) R = R0 x fAlpha-1 where R and Ro are the residual (stratospheric) and initial (tropospheric) heavy-to-light isotope ratios, respectively; f is the fraction of N2O remaining (residual concentration divided by the initial concentration); and is the ratio of the heavy-to-light reaction or photolysis rates. This relationship

Differences Between Community And Zero Tolerance Policing Criminology Essay

Differences Between Community And Zero Tolerance Policing Criminology Essay Community policing is an oxymoron, for if the police could serve the whole community there would be little point in having a police force at all fn 1. However for the purposes of this essay community policing will have the meaning which is ascribed to it by the Home Office. It is seen as a key and permanent element of reforms to make the police service more citizen focused. The aim is to build a more responsive, locally accountable and citizen-focused police service through a programme to transform policing at a local level to meet the needs of communities. dddddd  [2]   The notion of zero tolerance policing was inspired by the apparent success of the approach taken in NY, and a variation of it-confident policing-pursued by DCI Mallon in Hartlepool as well as others within the UK. The notion of zero tolerance policing is based upon the broken window theory  [3]  and the conviction that the best way to tackle serious crime is to tackle disorder in which policies such as the community safety order, parental responsibility order, composite offence and final warning all have a role to play. It is arguable that this policy adopts a social exclusion rather than inclusion policy approach towards community safety. The result may be that healthy urban futures are established but not necessarily all inhabitants will benefit. Crime, disorder, anti-social behaviour and nuisance may all be particularly unpleasant but it is not clear if placing such a strong emphasis upon criminalisation and enforcement is the best way of tackling the problems contributing to and created by those behaviours. It leaves very little space for more constructive actions and even where it is possible to do so, they take place on terms which strengthen the criminalisation of the discourse of social policy so that the measures end up being more about containment and control within the community.  [4]   In 1996 the London Metropolitan Police carried out a zero tolerance initiative in partnership with the Transport Police, City of London Police and local authority councils. This initiative involved active confrontational measures to deal with homeless beggars, drug dealers, prostitutes and pimps who were congregating at the St Pancreas Railway Station. The result of the action was the temporary displacement of the undesirables to adjoining neighbourhoods until the control measures were withdrawn. The benefits included over 400 arrests of drug dealers and a raising of the quality of life for people in the area (Leigh et al 1998; 73) A recent Home Office Study of policing styles noted that Cleveland Police responsible for Middlesborough remain convinced that zero tolerance is compatible with community policing in a problem orientated policing form. Cleveland police viewed it as a short term prelude to the implementation of longer term measures in high crime areas where fear of, and intimidation by a minority of residents is having a detrimental effect (Leigh et al 1998, 26 and Romeanes 1998). The statutory enforcement powers for zero tolerance are contained within the Crime and Disorder Act with its emphasis on taking back control over unruly neighbourhoods and so it is not unreasonable or unlikely that the Home Office would give the initiative a qualified endorsement although it chooses to term it order maintenance (Jordan 1998 72). Zero tolerance style of policing is popular with a majority of the public who se the police as being tough on crime. In July 2003 an ICM Poll for the think-tank Reform questioned public support for zero tolerance comprising a highly visible policing on the streets bearing down heavily on anti social behaviour and vandalism. 83% thought that this would be a good idea, with over 50% thinking it would be a very good idea. Does Safer Neighbourhood Policing Help p 62-63 Zero Tolerance does have the negative repercussions of souring police community relations and can antagonise racial tensions in neighbourhoods. This is in conflict with the philosophy and practice of community policing which depends upon strong support from the public and discretion from police officers, proactive policing, problem solving and an intimate knowledge of the neighbourhood in which the police are operating, acquiring intelligence and building trust. Officers viewed discretion as an important part of community policing. A firearms officer was outside a school monitoring traffic and flagged down a middle aged man who was not wearing a seat belt. He managed to resist the temptation to alienate the police service further by scoring 5 easy points and after some advice, he let the man proceed on his way. A few months later the firearms officer found himself in an unoccupied house where a gun had been found in very suspicious circumstances. The same man as in the seat belt incident approached him and provided invaluable information which saved many hours of police investigation. The officer maintained that the man assisted him because he had dealt with him leniently in the seat belt incident and the officer wondered if the man would have assisted had he not used his discretion in the earlier incident? The officer said that police should be left to use their common sense on the streets.  [5]  Cited in The Public and Police by Harrie t Sergeant page 52 Is the answer for the two concepts to sit side by side? It would appear that the two concepts are not mutually exclusive and there is a need for both within certain communities. A police system based on consensus and working in and with the community seems the better option for the community as a whole. This method allows the community to be involved in the law enforcement process and encourages the community to be involved in its own safety by the informal policing of its on neighbourhood, collecting intelligence on suspected trouble makers to assist the police. Community policing allows the community to be a partner with the police in crime reduction and as such are more receptive to police initiatives. Zero tolerance should be used selectively in reducing certain types of deviant behaviour such as anti social behaviour and also for knife and carrying weapons, but its success is limited to selected areas. Its use should be limited to a short sharp approach and it should also be seen as a short term policy rather than overall police policy. It has been shown that a tactic of the targeting of repeat offenders and victims, a high level police visibility in some crime hot spots, and problem orientated strategies and police initiatives have worked. Zero tolerance style of policing can impact on human rights and liberties but it is popular with most members of the law abiding community and politicians as it demonstrates that the state is seen to be tough on crime. Of course whatever is the better option for the community depends on whether you look at the community as a whole or a particular section. If one block of flats is being terrorised by anti social behaviour and zero tolerant tactics are adopted to deal with it, it will not be considered beneficial to the whole community if the perpetrators are merely dispersed to a neighbouring block within the same community. What is best for the community can also be said to be the eradication of crime in the first place, so that the causes are addressed (community policing) rather than the symptons (zero tolerance). It would appear that there is a place for a zero tolerance approach within community policing itself particularly if the community is kept informed of the police approach so that it is included in adopting the policy. So although it may be seen to some members of the community as the better style of policing overall it is better to have the community policing system which is a softly softly approach to law enforcement underpinning the relationship between the police and the community.

A Farewell to Arms1 :: Essays Papers

A Farewell to Arms1 Love is impossible to explain or fully understand; it is enfable and war is merely an outcome of disputes between ignorant aristocrats. A Farewell to Arms, by Ernest Hemingway, is a novel about love and war. The narrator, Fredrick Henry is a war-time ambulance driver, and Catherine Barkley is an English nurse, who find themselves in a love affair which must maneuver itself around the restrictions of World War I. The novel begins in Gorizia, Italy the center of operations for Fredrick’s troop, World War I. Fredrick is an American volunteer and in the Ambulance Corps for the Italian Army. He meets a English nurse Catherine named Barkley and does not truly fall in love with her until he gets badly wounded and is put in a hospital. They begin to have alove affair and Catherine becomes impregnated. With a baby on the way Fredrick feels a real sense of responsibility towards Catherine. When he finaly recovers from from his lengthy stay in the hospital he returns to front. When the two part it is very rainy, cloudy, and gloomy. Hemingway makes good use of weather in pursuit of verisimilitude. There is so much violence and death in the war Fredrick no longer wants to be a apart of it and deserts the army to return to Catherine. When they reunite the rain stops and there is light. They then escape to Switzerland by boat and begin to live happily. When Catherine goes into labor there is complications. The baby dies and later Catherine dies from hemorrhaging. What is love? Love is difficult to explain but, it involves a deep affection for a person or thing. At the beginning of the novel, lieutenant Frederick Henry lacks a sense of value and order in his life. He chooses to intoxicate himself and make visits to prostitutes frequently. During this time of intense stress and pressure this lifestyle is common amongst his fellow comrades. It provides them with an escape from a hostile and undesirable reality of war. Lieutenant Rinaldi, Fredricks enthusiastic surgeon friend soon introduces him to an English nurse, Catherine Barkley. Their relationship brings some order and value into his life. This new form of order which Fredrick discovers is love. He can no longer remain apart of something that is so disorderly and consequently deserts the Italian army out of love: â€Å"When you love you wish to do things for.

Sleep Apnea Devices Market Worth $19.72 Billion by 2017

The â€Å"Sleep Apnea Diagnostic & Therapeutic Devices Market [Polysomnographs, Respiratory Polygraphs, Pulse Oximeters, CPAP, Masks, Adaptive Servo-Ventilation (ASV), Oral Appliances, Nasal EPAP, Neurostimulation] Global End-user Analysis, Competitive Landscape & Forecast to 2017† analyzes and studies the major market drivers, restraints, and opportunities in North America, Europe, Asia, and Rest of the World. Browse 147 market data tables spread through 318 pagesand in-depth TOC of â€Å"Sleep Apnea Diagnostic & Therapeutic Devices Market [Polysomnographs, Respiratory Polygraphs, Pulse Oximeters, CPAP, Masks, Adaptive Servo-Ventilation (ASV), Oral Appliances, Nasal EPAP, Neurostimulation] Global End-user Analysis, Competitive Landscape & Forecast to 2017†. http://www. marketsandmarkets. com/Market-Reports/sleep-apnea-devices-market-719. html Early buyers will receive 10% customization on reports. This report studies the global sleep apnea devices market, with forecast to 2017. Sleep problems are touted as a ‘global epidemic’ and sleep apnea is a crucial contributor to this disorder. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep apnea; around 84% of people with sleep apnea are diagnosed with the disease. Studies suggest that about 100 million people worldwide are suspected to have obstructive sleep apnea, of which more than 80% remain undiagnosed. Sleep apnea is a relatively new market in the medical field, gaining momentum at a fast pace, especially in developed geographies. The demand for sleep apnea devices is slated to increase at a faster pace, owing to gradually increasing awareness among both patients and the medical fraternity. The global sleep apnea devices market was valued at $7. 96 billion in the year 2011 and is expected to reach $19. 72 billion by the year 2017. North America was the largest sleep apnea devices market, followed by Europe and Asia. North America will continue to lead the sleep apnea device market in the next few years, followed by Europe. The Asian region’s contribution to the global sleep apnea device market is expected to pick up in the coming years, as the medical condition gets more recognition. The global sleep apnea devices market, which is broadly classified into Diagnostic Devices and Therapeutic Devices, is witnessing high competitive intensity. Segment rivalry is high, as there are a few well-established firms and several small firms with similar product offerings. The market is dominated by Philips Respironics and ResMed, Inc. , which jointly comprise 70% of the market. Fisher and Paykel Healthcare, CareFusion Corporation, Natus Medical Incorporated, DeVilbiss Healthcare, Weinmann Medical Devices, etc. are some of the other prominent players in the global sleep apnea devices market.

Why is Religious Fundamentalism spreading so far as of 2004 Essays

Why is Religious Fundamentalism spreading so far as of 2004 Essays Why is Religious Fundamentalism spreading so far as of 2004 Essay Why is Religious Fundamentalism spreading so far as of 2004 Essay Religion no longer plays a leading part in the lives of most of the inhabitants of the industrialized west. We can define religious fundamentalism by looking at Professor Scruton, who identifies two components to religion. The first is belief in spiritual, non corporeal beings who may have created the universe and the living beings which inhabit it, and have the power to intervene in the affairs of the world, for good or bad, and to hand out rewards or punishments to mortals after they die; these rewards or punishments may include being sent to a Heaven or Hell or whatever that particular faiths equivalent may be, or being reincarnated into this world with higher or lower status.The second is piety, which means belief that such beings are morally superior to mortals, have set out codes of conduct for humans to follow, and that one must abide by these codes in order to lead a good life in this existence and be rewarded in the afterlife; piety, therefore, covers obligations that are no t covered by contracts or any kind of secular law it means abiding by the laws of God, or the Gods, rather than the laws of man.Fundamentalism places piety at the heart of politics. In terms of religion, it demands that any religion should abide by the fundamental doctrine out of which it has grown, and a complete rejection of any attempt to accommodate that religion with social, moral or historical changes; consequently, a fundamentalist Christian would be opposed to such things as the marriage of divorcees or homosexuals, the baptism of illegitimate children or giving alms to the undeserving poor. Politically, however, fundamentalism has become the basis of entire politico-religious movements which demand that piety should be the core basis of political and social life.Religious fundamentalism is very much seen as the creation of the modern world. Although typical fundamentalists reject technology, the ideology can be said to be evolving as it has incorporated it as with the Tali ban and www.taliban.com. Religious fundamentalism has seemed to arisen in societies suffering from a deep sense of crisis, particularly identity.The question is whether religious fundamentalism is destined to survive throughout the twenty-first century, or ultimately be viewed as a temporary phenomenon, linked to the conjunction of particular historical circumstances. The question of the future of fundamentalism raises two starkly different scenarios. The first questions the long-term viability of any religiously-based political creed in the modern world, and highlights the particular limitations of fundamentalism as a political project. According to this view, fundamentalist religion is essentially a symptom of the difficult adjustments that modernization brings about, but it is ultimately doomed because it is out of step with the principal thrust of the modernization process. Modernization as westernization is destined to prevail because it is supported by the trend towards econom ic globalization and the spread of liberal democracy. Religion will therefore be restored to its proper private domain, and public affairs will once again be contested by secular political creeds.This analysis suggests that the theo-political project that lies at the heart of fundamentalism will gradually fade, with religious groups becoming mere components of broader nationalist movements. The emergence of a western-dominated global system may allow for the survival of civic nationalism, orientated around the goal of self-determination, but it suggests that there is little future for militant ethnic nationalisms, especially when they are based upon religious distinctiveness. The limitations of fundamentalism will thus become particularly apparent if fundamentalists succeed in winning power and are confronted with the complex tasks of government. Lacking a clear political programme or a coherent economic philosophy, fundamentalism as an ideology of protest will survive, if it surviv es at all, only as rhetoric or as the founding myth of a regime.The rival view holds that religious fundamentalism offers a glimpse of the postmodern future. From this perspective, it is secularism and liberal culture that are in crisis. Their weakness, dramatically exposed by fundamentalism, is their failure to address deeper human needs and their inability to establish authoritative values that give social order a moral foundation. Far from the emerging global system fostering uniformity modeled on western liberal democracy, this view suggests that a more likely scenario is that the twentieth-century battle between capitalism and communism will give way to some form of clash of civilizations.Competing transnational power blocs will emerge, and religion is likely to provide them with a distinctive politico-cultural identity. Fundamentalism, in this version, is seen to have strengths rather than weaknesses. Religious fundamentalists have already demonstrated their adaptability by em bracing the weapons and spirit of the modern world, and the very fact that they are not encumbered by tradition but travel fast and light enables them to reinvent their creeds in response to the challenges of post modernity.

The Boer War in South Africa (1899-1902)

The Boer War in South Africa (1899-1902) From October 11, 1899, until May 31, 1902, the Second Boer War (also known as the South African War and the Anglo-Boer War) was fought in South Africa between the British and the Boers (Dutch settlers in southern Africa). The Boers had founded two independent South African republics (the Orange Free State and the South African Republic) and had a long history of distrust and dislike for the British that surrounded them. After gold was discovered in the South African Republic in 1886, the British wanted the area under their control. In 1899, the conflict between the British and the Boers burgeoned into a full-fledged war that was fought in three stages: a Boer offensive against British command posts and railway lines, a British counteroffensive that brought the two republics under British control, and a Boer guerrilla resistance movement that prompted a widespread scorched-earth campaign by the British and the internment and deaths of thousands of Boer civilians in British concentration camps. The first phase of the war gave the Boers the upper hand over British forces, but the latter two phases eventually brought victory to the British and placed the previously independent Boer territories firmly under British dominion leading, eventually, to the complete unification of South Africa as a British colony in 1910. Who Were the Boers? In 1652, the Dutch East India Company established the first staging post at the Cape of Good Hope (the southernmost tip of Africa); this was a place where ships could rest and resupply during the long voyage to the exotic spice markets along India’s western coast. This staging post attracted settlers from Europe for whom life on the continent had become unbearable due to economic difficulties and religious oppression. At the turn of the 18th century, the Cape had become home to settlers from Germany and France; however, it was the Dutch who made up the majority of the settler population. They came to be known as â€Å"Boers†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢- the Dutch word for farmers. As time passed, a number of Boers began migrating to the hinterlands where they believed they would have more autonomy to conduct their daily lives without the heavy regulations imposed on them by the Dutch East India Company. The British Move Into South Africa Britain, who viewed the Cape as an excellent staging post on the route to their colonies in Australia and India, attempted to take control over Cape Town from the Dutch East India Company, which had effectively gone bankrupt.  In 1814, Holland officially handed the colony over to the British Empire. Almost immediately, the British began a campaign to â€Å"Anglicize† the colony. English became the official language, rather than Dutch, and official policy encouraged the immigration of settlers from Great Britain. The issue of slavery became another point of contention. Britain officially abolished the practice in 1834 throughout their empire, which meant that the Cape’s Dutch settlers also had to relinquish their ownership of black slaves. The British did offer compensation to the Dutch settlers for relinquishing their slaves, but this compensation was seen as insufficient and their anger was compounded by the fact that the compensation had to be collected in London, some 6,000 miles away. Boer Independence The tension between Great Britain and South Africa’s Dutch settlers eventually prompted many Boers to move their families further into South Africa’s interior- away from British control- where they could establish an autonomous Boer state. This migration from Cape Town into the South African hinterland from 1835 to the early 1840s came to be known as â€Å"The Great Trek.† (Dutch settlers who remained in Cape Town, and thus under British rule, became known as Afrikaners.) The Boers came to embrace a new-found sense of nationalism and sought to establish themselves as an independent Boer nation, dedicated to Calvinism and a Dutch way of life. By 1852, a settlement was reached between the Boers and the British Empire granting sovereignty to those Boers who had settled beyond the Vaal River in the northeast. The 1852 settlement and another settlement, reached in 1854, brought about the creation of two independent Boer republics- the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The Boers now had their own home. The First Boer War Despite the Boers’ newly won autonomy, their relationship with the British continued to be tense. The two Boer republics were financially unstable and still relied heavily on British help. The British, conversely, distrusted the Boers- viewing them as quarrelsome and thickheaded. In 1871, the British moved to annex the diamond territory of the Griqua People, which had previously been incorporated by the Orange Free State. Six years later, the British annexed the Transvaal, which was plagued by bankruptcy and endless squabbles with native populations. These moves angered Dutch settlers throughout South Africa. In 1880, after first allowing the British to defeat their common Zulu enemy, the Boers finally rose up in rebellion, taking up arms against the British with the purpose of reclaiming the Transvaal. The crisis is known as the First Boer War. The First Boer War lasted only a few short months, from December 1880 until March 1881. It was a disaster for the British, who had greatly underestimated the military skill and efficiency of the Boer militia units. In the early weeks of the war, a group of less than 160 Boer militiamen attacked a British regiment, killing 200 British soldiers in 15 minutes. In late February 1881, the British lost a total of 280 soldiers at Majuba, while the Boers are said to have suffered only one single casualty. Britain’s Prime Minister William E. Gladstone forged a compromise peace with the Boers that granted the Transvaal self-government while still keeping it as an official colony of Great Britain. The compromise did little to appease the Boers and tension between the two sides continued. In 1884, Transvaal President Paul Kruger successfully renegotiated the original agreement. Although control of foreign treaties remained with Britain, Britain did, however, drop the Transvaal’s official status as a British colony. The Transvaal was then officially renamed the South African Republic. Gold The discovery of roughly 17,000 square miles of gold fields in Witwatersrand in 1886, and the subsequent opening of those fields for public digging would make the Transvaal region the prime destination for gold diggers from all over the globe. The 1886 gold rush not only transformed the poor, agrarian South African Republic into an economic powerhouse, it also caused a great deal of turmoil for the young republic. The Boers were leery of the foreign prospectors- whom they dubbed â€Å"Uitlanders† (â€Å"outlanders†)- pouring into their country from across the world to mine the Witwatersrand fields. Tensions between Boers and Uitlanders eventually prompted Kruger to adopt harsh laws that would limit the general freedoms of the Uitlanders and seek to protect Dutch culture in the region. These included policies to limit access to education and press for Uitlanders, making the Dutch language obligatory, and keeping the Uitlanders disenfranchised. These policies further eroded relations between Great Britain and the Boers as many of those rushing to the gold fields were British sovereigns. Also, the fact that Britain’s Cape Colony had now slipped into the South African Republic’s economic shadow, made Great Britain even more determined to secure its African interests and to bring the Boers to heel.   The Jameson Raid The outrage expressed against Kruger’s harsh immigration policies caused many in the Cape Colony and in Britain itself to anticipate a widespread Uitlander uprising in Johannesburg. Among them was the Cape Colony’s prime minister and diamond magnate Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes was a staunch colonialist and thus believed Britain should acquisition the Boer territories (as well as the gold fields there). Rhodes sought to exploit Uitlander discontent in the Transvaal and pledged to invade the Boer republic in the event of an uprising by Uitlanders. He entrusted 500 Rhodesian (Rhodesia having been named after him) mounted police to his agent, Dr. Leander Jameson. Jameson had express instructions not to enter the Transvaal until an Uitlander uprising was underway. Jameson ignored his instructions and on December 31, 1895, entered the territory only to be captured by Boer militiamen. The event, known as the Jameson Raid, was a debacle and forced Rhodes to resign as the Cape’s prime minister. The Jameson raid only served to increase tension and distrust between the Boers and the British. Kruger’s continued harsh policies against the Uitlanders and his cozy relationship with Britain’s colonial rivals, continued to fuel the empire’s ire towards the Transvaal republic during the waning years of the 1890s. Paul Kruger’s election to a fourth term as president of the South African Republic in 1898, finally convinced Cape politicians that the only way to deal with the Boers would be through the use of force. After several failed attempts at reaching a compromise, the Boers had their fill and by September of 1899 were preparing for full war with the British Empire. That same month the Orange Free State publicly declared its support for Kruger. The Ultimatum On October 9th, Alfred Milner, the governor of the Cape Colony, received a telegram from authorities in the Boer capital of Pretoria. The telegram laid out a point-by-point ultimatum. The ultimatum demanded peaceful arbitration, the removal of British troops along their border, British troop reinforcements be recalled, and that British reinforcements who were coming via ship, not land. The British replied that no such conditions could be met and by the evening of October 11, 1899, Boer forces began crossing over the borders into Cape Province and Natal. The Second Boer War had begun. The Second Boer War Begins: The Boer Offensive Neither the Orange Free State nor the South African Republic commanded large, professional armies. Their forces, instead, consisted of militias called â€Å"commandos† that consisted of â€Å"burghers† (citizens). Any burgher between the ages of 16 and 60 was liable to be called up to serve in a commando and each often brought their own rifles and horses. A commando consisted of anywhere between 200 and 1,000 burghers and was headed by a â€Å"Kommandant† who was elected by the commando itself. Commando members, furthermore, were allowed to sit as equals in general councils of war to which they often brought their own individual ideas about tactics and strategy. The Boers who made up these commandos were excellent shots and horsemen, as they had to learn to survive in a very hostile environment from a very young age. Growing up in the Transvaal meant that one often had protected one’s settlements and herds against lions and other predators.  This made the Boer militias a formidable enemy. The British, on the other hand, were experienced with leading campaigns on the African continent and yet were completely unprepared for a full-scale war. Thinking that this was a mere squabble that would soon be resolved, the British lacked reserves in ammunition and equipment; plus, they had no suitable military maps available for use either.   The Boers took advantage of the British’s ill-preparedness and moved quickly in the early days of the war. Commandos spread out in several directions from the Transvaal and Orange Free State, besieging three railway towns- Mafeking, Kimberley, and Ladysmith- in order to impede the transport of British reinforcements and equipment from the coast. The Boers also won several major battles during the early months of the war. Most notably these were the battles of Magersfontein, Colesberg, and Stormberg, which all occurred during what became known as â€Å"Black Week† between December 10 and 15, 1899. Despite this successful initial offensive, the Boers never sought to occupy any of the British-held territories in South Africa; they focused instead on besieging supply lines and ensuring that the British were too undersupplied and disorganized to launch their own offensive. In the process, the Boers greatly taxed their resources and their failure to push further into British-held territories allowed the British time to resupply their armies from the coast. The British may have faced defeat early on but the tide was about to turn. Phase Two: The British Resurgence By January of 1900, neither the Boers (despite their many victories) nor the British had made much headway. The Boer sieges of strategic British rail lines continued but the Boer militias were rapidly growing weary and low on supplies. The British government decided it was time to gain the upper hand and sent two troop divisions to South Africa, which included volunteers from colonies like Australia and New Zealand. This amounted to roughly 180,000 men- the largest army Britain had ever sent overseas to this point. With these reinforcements, the disparity between the numbers of troops was huge, with 500,000 British soldiers but only 88,000 Boers. By late February, British forces had managed to move up strategic railway lines and finally relieve Kimberley and Ladysmith from Boer besiegement. The Battle of Paardeberg, which lasted nearly ten days, saw a major defeat of Boer forces. Boer general Piet Cronjà © surrendered to the British along with more than 4,000 men. A series of further defeats greatly demoralized the Boers, who were also plagued by starvation and disease brought on by months of sieges with little to no supply relief. Their resistance began to collapse. By March 1900, British forces led by Lord Frederick Roberts had occupied Bloemfontein (the capital of the Orange Free State) and by May and June, they had taken Johannesburg and the South African Republic’s capital, Pretoria. Both republics were annexed by the British Empire. Boer leader Paul Kruger escaped capture and went into exile in Europe, where much of the population’s sympathy lay with the Boer cause. Squabbles erupted within Boer ranks between the bittereinders (â€Å"bitter-enders†) who wanted to keep fighting and those hendsoppers (â€Å"hands-uppers†) who favored surrender.  Many Boer burghers did end up surrendering at this point, but about 20,000 others decided to fight on. The last, and most destructive, phase of the war was about to begin. Despite the British victories, the guerrilla phase would last more than two years. Phase Three: Guerrilla Warfare, Scorched Earth, and Concentration Camps Despite having annexed both Boer republics, the British barely managed to control either one. The guerrilla war that was launched by resistant burghers and led by generals Christiaan de Wet and Jacobus Hercules de la Rey, kept the pressure on British forces throughout the Boer territories. Rebel Boer commandos relentlessly raided British communication lines and army bases with swift, surprise attacks often conducted at night. Rebel commandos had the ability to form on a moment’s notice, conduct their attack and then vanish as if into thin air, confusing British forces who barely knew what had hit them. The British response to the guerrillas was three-fold. Firstly, Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener, commander of the South African British forces, decided to set up barbed wire and blockhouses along the railway lines to keep the Boers at bay. When this tactic failed, Kitchener decided to adopt a â€Å"scorched earth† policy that systematically sought to destroy food supplies and deprive the rebels of shelter. Whole towns and thousands of farms were plundered and burned; livestock was killed. Lastly, and perhaps most controversially, Kitchener ordered the construction of concentration camps in which thousands of women and children- mostly those left homeless and destitute by his scorched earth policy- were interred.   The concentration camps were severely mismanaged. Food and water were scarce in the camps and starvation and disease caused the deaths of over 20,000. Black Africans were also interred in segregated camps primarily as a source of cheap labor for gold mines. The camps were widely criticized, especially in Europe where British methods in the war were already under heavy scrutiny. Kitchener’s reasoning was that the internment of civilians would not only further deprive the burghers of food, which had been supplied to them by their wives on the homestead, but that it would prompt the Boers to surrender in order to be reunited with their families. Most notable among the critics in Britain was Liberal activist Emily Hobhouse, who worked tirelessly to expose the conditions in the camps to an outraged British public. The revelation of the camp system severely damaged the reputation of Britain’s government and furthered the cause for Boer nationalism abroad.   Peace Nevertheless, the strong-arm tactics of the British against the Boers eventually served their purpose. The Boer militias grew weary of fighting and morale was breaking down. The British had offered peace terms in March of 1902, but to no avail. By May of that year, however, Boer leaders finally accepted peace conditions and signed the Treaty of Vereenigingon May 31, 1902. The treaty officially ended the independence of both the South African Republic and the Orange Free State and placed both territories under British army administration. The treaty also called for the immediate disarmament of the burghers and included a provision for funds to be made available for the reconstruction of the Transvaal. The Second Boer War had come to an end and eight years later, in 1910, South Africa was united under British dominion and became the Union of South Africa.

Anthea and the Conert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Anthea and the Conert - Essay Example This is because, they were sighed up to perform at the Hamden Hall and just a few days before the concert each artist had a problem that apparently caused them not perform. In addition to that, Anthea had already paid these artists a 25% fee of the total amount of money that they were to receive and the rest was to be paid after they did actually perform at the concert, which they did not. Therefore, it is evidenced that Anthea was the only party that did duly perform her part in the contract while other performance artists did not. Therefore, by law, Anthea has the right to take legal action against the performance artists as they did not abide by their part of the contract. As a result, one of the claims that the Student Union is prone to get is a refund of their money from the performance artists as they took the money without attending to their call of performance. This case can be compared to the one of Cutter v Powell (1795). Powell promised Cutter that if he took the role as h is running mate, he would top him up with â€Å"a total of thirty guineas, provided he proceeds, continues and does his duty as second mate in the said ship from hence to the port of Liverpool. Unfortunately Cutter died at sea. His widow sued Powell to recover a proportionate part of her husband's wages on a quantum meruit for work and labour done by her husband during that part of the voyage that he lived and served Powell† (Legal Max, n.d.). Unfortunately, â€Å"payment was on condition that he worked the ship to Liverpool, since he did not fulfil this condition the widow was entitled to nothing† (E-Law Resources, n.d.). When compared to the case of Anthea and The Concert, it can be concluded that Anthea did fulfil her end of the contract by paying them the 25% initial fee. Since the performance artists did not perform then they are entitled to nothing. Bolton v Mahadeva  [1972] is another case that can be termed as similar to the Anthea and The concert case. In th is instance, â€Å"The claimant installed central heating in the defendant's home. The agreed contract price was ?560. The defendant was not happy with the work and refused to pay. Defects in the work amounted to ?174. The action by the claimant to enforce the payment failed since the court held there was no substantial performance† (E-Law Resources, n.d.). The comparison that can be deduced in this case is that, the plaintiff did install the heating system which had defects that amounted to an extra ?174. In addition to that the client had already incurred a total cost of up to ?560. Therefore, the plaintiff claimed that the balance should have been less the extra cost of ?174. When compared to the Anthea and The Concert claim, the performance artists would have come to the concert to perform but they would not have done it well due to the challenges that they were facing. With this case, one of the liabilities that the student council ought to be aware of is that despite th e fact that they did perform their duty by paying the 25% fee initially, they ought to have had an exception in the contract that would cater for such kinds of calamities. For example, they would have drafted a clause that would ensure that a party in the contract is only paid when they have performed their duties or obligations as part and parcel of the stated terms in the contract so as to avoid instances where they pay the artist and they do

Anthropology Short Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anthropology Short Response Paper - Essay Example They point out there are many types of literacy, ranging from being able to sign one's name through to being able read contemporary literature. Ahearn adds both visual and cultural literacy to this broad definition as she argues that "Cultural literacy skills predispose people to read situations and texts in certain ways and constrain the types of interpretations they are likely to construct." (Ahearn: 46). Ahearn quotes Mike Baynham on the 'ideological' model of literacy, who states that literacy needs to be understood as a strategic, social practice which defines and confines the choices available to individuals within a particular society. Hence she evaluates the literacy of the Junigau in their own terms, at that moment in their development and history. We are shown the contrast between Sarita and Bir Bahadur's command of language particularly through Bir Bahadur's letters and the impact this has on their relationship as it develops. She examines the villagers' definition of romantic love through a variety of methods including letters, conversations and taped interviews.

The Art of Cooking Rice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Art of Cooking Rice - Assignment Example When measuring rice for cooking, one typically uses a cup for measurement. Decide on the number of cups to cook and then rinse the rice with ordinary water to rid it of starch and any other impurities. Common rice sold in the US is usually fortified with key vitamins and minerals (like iron and niacin), most of which will be washed away if the rice is soaked and washed prior to cooking (Smith and Dilday). However, soaking and washing rice will result in fluffier, lighter cooked rice, with fuller grain that doesn't stick. Either soak the rice in cold water for 30 to 60 minutes or wash the rice around two to three times or until the water is clear rather than cloudy. In washing rice, one technique would be to keep the water running on low while shaking the rice until the foggy white color turns to clean clear. When measuring rice for cooking, one typically uses a cup for measurement. Decide on the number of cups to cook and then rinse the rice with ordinary water to rid it of starch an d any other impurities. Common rice sold in the US is usually fortified with key vitamins and minerals (like iron and niacin), most of which will be washed away if the rice is soaked and washed prior to cooking (Smith and Dilday). However, soaking and washing rice will result in fluffier, lighter cooked rice, with fuller grain that doesn't stick. Either soak the rice in cold water for 30 to 60 minutes or wash the rice around two to three times or until the water is clear rather than cloudy. In washing rice, one technique would be to keep the water running on low while shaking the rice until the foggy white color turns to clean clear. Then, rinsed rice has to be placed in a standard pot. It is advisable to use a heavy pot rather than shallow pans or thinly lined pots because rice needs quite some time to cook and it has to cook evenly. If one uses a thin-lined pot, one would end up with burnt rice at the bottom and uncooked rice on top. Most people also just decide to use a rice cook er to make the job easier. Either way, make sure that the right amount of water is mixed in with the rice. The rule of thumb when cooking rice is usually two cups of water for every cup of long grain rice, one and a half cups of water for every cup of short grain rice, and one and one-fourth cups of water for every cup of sweet rice. These combinations yield three cups of cooked long grain rice, two and a half cups of short grain rice, and two cups of sweet rice, respectively (Compestine). Mixing in the right amount of water is essential to ensure that cooked rice is neither mushy nor gritty. Assuming that a rice cooker is not used, put the pot over a stove and bring the rice and water to a rolling boil over medium or high heat.